The cyber domain is an increasingly vital arena for both interstate and international competition and conflict in the Middle East and beyond, with implications in business, governance, and more. With increasingly digitized infrastructure in the Middle East, including in energy, resource management, manufacturing, and supply chain management, securing their networks is the foremost strategic imperative as states and businesses in the region chart their course for the future. And the challenge is moving beyond the traditional realm as the internet of things and artificial intelligence proliferate across the region, raising new questions about data security and privacy, leveraging digital intelligence, digital blackmail and coercion, and more. As both cybersecurity and the exploitation of digital information become transformed, what must leaders in the Middle East do to secure advantage and critical investments? How can businesses, governments, and others work better across borders to promote cyber hygiene and rules of engagement? And what are the implications of how this evolving cyber domain will change the political trajectory of the Middle East?